Ocimum basilicum essential oil in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus: anesthetic efficacy, distribution, and depletion in different tissues.

This study aimed to evaluate the anesthetic activity of Ocimum basilicum essential oil and the distribution and depletion of its major compounds in different tissues of the pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Juveniles (319.08 ± 9.14 g) were individually anesthetized with six concentrations of essential oil from O. basilicum (150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 mg L-1), while in a second experiment, fish (492.39 ± 51.51 g) were subjected to a 10 min immersion bath with essential oil from O. basilicum (300 mg L-1). After anesthetic recovery, blood and tissue samples of the brain, gills, liver, spleen, and white muscle were collected at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24 h. A 300 mg L-1 concentration induced anesthesia in the shortest time (193.11 ± 9.31), while at 270 and 300 mg L-1 concentrations, the anesthetic recovery period was the longest (244.33 ± 12.44) Methyl chavicol and linalool were quantified in all tissue samples. The plasma concentrations of methyl chavicol differed (p < 0.05) at all evaluated times. Linalool decreased (p < 0.05) from 0 to 1 h and decreased again only after 12 h. Reduction percentages in 24 h were 92.9% for methyl chavicol, and 97.2% for linalool. Elimination of the compounds methyl chavicol and linalool is slower in the gills, where lower elimination constants (0.03 and 0.15 per h) and longer half-lives (25.84 and 4.53 h), respectively, are noted. In general, essential oil from O. basilicum compounds was readily eliminated, showing promising potential for use as an anesthetic in aquaculture.

Body yield and quality of fresh and post-freezing filet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) genetic groups.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body yield and quality of fresh and post-freezing filet of male and female fish of inbred and non-inbred AquaAmérica genetic group and the hybrid between the AquaAmérica and Tilamax varieties. Forty fish (20 males and 20 females) of each genetic group were housed in four 48-m3 hapa net cages, getting 120 fish per cage. The fish were housed at 51 days of age and farmed for 269 days. Pre-slaughter weight was higher (P<0.05) in the AquaAmérica × Tilamax males (0.805±0.204 kg) than in the inbred AquaAmérica male (0.643±0.115 kg). Filet yield percentage was higher (P<0.05) in the AquaAmérica × Tilamax males (32.14±4.72%) than in the inbred AquaAmérica (28.15±2.67%) and non-inbred AquaAmérica (29.06±2.80%) males. Head and viscera yield percentages, pH, color values (L*, a* and b*), shear force, drip loss and cooking loss did not differ significantly between the genetic groups and sexes. Alterations in meat quality were observed after freezing. In conclusion, inbreeding in the AquaAmérica variety resulted in reduced slaughter weight for males; AquaAmérica × Tilamax males have a higher filet yield; and filet quality is not influenced by crossing, inbreeding, or sex, but is changed after freezing.

Toxicological, biochemical and morphophysiological effects of Serjania erecta leaf aqueous extract on Piaractus mesopotamicus.

This study was carried out to determine the toxicity and biochemical and morphophysiological changes caused by Serjania erecta leaf aqueous extract in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). For acute toxicity testing (CL50-4h), pacu juveniles were exposed during 4 h to Serjania erecta aqueous extract concentrations of 2.5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg mL-1, which were added directly to the water in the tanks. In the control group, the animals were kept in water free from aqueous extract. CL50-4 h was estimated at 57.43 µg mL-1. After exposure to the aqueous extract, the highest (P<0.05) glucose concentration and the lowest (P<0.05) plasma sodium level were when the fish were exposed to the S. erecta concentration of 50 µg mL-1. Mortality occurred at S. erecta extract levels higher than 50 µg mL-1, and all fish died at concentrations greater than 100 µg mL-1. In addition, exposure to this extract caused severe histological changes in the gills and liver with higher prevalence of necrosis (30.2%), and fatty degeneration (77.4%) respectively. At the concentrations tested here, S. erecta aqueous extract causes morphofunctional alterations in this fish species.

Growth curve of selectively bred and non-selectively bred tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of selectively bred and non-selectively bred tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The experiment involved 388 fish (weight: 65.38 ± 20.00 g; age: 217 days), consisting of 252 fish from seven selectively bred families (18 fish per family) and 18 non-selectively bred fish (control group). Groups were placed in two 800-m² tanks. Biometric measurements were taken on nine occasions at 30-day intervals, for a period of 254 days. Weight and morphometric traits were evaluated. To describe the tambaqui growth behavior, we adopted the Gompertz nonlinear regression model. Greater growth (p < 0.05) was observed in selectively bred families compared with control group. Four families stood out with higher (p < 0.05) asymptotic values for weight (F1: 2448.7 g; F7: 2284.7 g; F5 2180.1 g; F4: 2080.5 g; and control: 1808.4 g) and other morphometric traits. None of the selectively bred families (except F5) had a higher growth rate and age at inflection point than the fish from control group. In conclusion, selectively bred and non-selectively bred fish present distinct growth curves, but some families have greatly superior growth.

Tambaqui females (Colossoma macropomum) spawn after hormonal induction with buserelin acetate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate induced reproduction in tambaqui females using buserelin acetate as compared with the traditional treatment regimen with carp pituitary extract (CPE). Reproductive traits of females with a body weight (BW) of 8.47 ±â€¯1.52 kg were evaluated in ten females treated with buserelin acetate at the dose of 0.5 mL/kg BW, in a single application, and in ten females treated with CPE at the dose of 5.5 mg/kg BW, in two applications (10 % and 90 %, with a 12-h interval between applications). Spawning rate did not differ between the females treated with buserelin acetate (40 %) and CPE (40 %). Weight, fertilization rate and hatching rate did not differ between the two treatment groups. Degree-hours (determined as the average temperature multiplied by time, in hours, for spawning after the treatment with the second dose of CPE and after the single treatment with buserelin acetate) for spawning and number of oocytes per gram of gametes collected were greater (P < 0.05) in the females treated with buserelin acetate than in the females treated with CPE. Production index, absolute fecundity and relative fecundity were greater (P < 0.05) in the females treated with CPE. The hormone buserelin acetate promotes reproduction in tambaqui females with there being a similar spawning rate and oocyte quality, however, lesser production indices and fecundity than when there is the conventional treatment regimen imposed with carp pituitary extract.

Weight and body yield of selectively bred tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) farmed in different environments.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight and body yield of two families of selectively bred tambaqui farmed in different environments. Two families (FA and FB) were reared in the municipalities (environments) of Santo Antônio de Leverger (MT) and Campo Grande (MS) for 431 days. Pre-bleeding weight, body yield, and the interaction effect between families and environments on these traits were investigated. No interaction effect between the evaluated families and environments was detected on the evaluated traits. Pre-bleeding weight did not differ significantly between the families in MT (FA: 2,421.7g; FB: 2,478.0g) or in MS (FA: 1,138.7g; FB: 1,389.8g), but the fish from MT had a higher (P<0.05) pre-bleeding weight than those farmed in MS. The visceral fat yield (considering the two environments) was higher (P<0.05) in FB family (3.8%) than in FA family (3.3%).Fish from MS showed higher (P<0.05) offal yield (10.6%) and visceral fat yield (3.9%) but a lower clean-trunk yield (70.6%) than the tambaqui farmed in MT (offal: 7.7%; visceral fat: 3.1%; and clean trunk: 72.6%). In conclusion, the MT environment provides higher pre-bleeding weight and clean-trunk yield and lower offal and visceral-fat yields than the MS environment.

Prevalência da doença falciforme em adultos com diagnóstico tardio / Prevalencia de la anemia falciforme en adultos con diagnóstico tardío / Prevalence of sickle cell disease in adults with delayed diagnosis

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da doença falciforme em adultos com diagnóstico tardio, em tratamento nos ambulatórios de hematologia na rede de saúde do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul de 2013 a 2017; descrever as características sociodemográficas; verificar associações entre os genótipos em relação a idade atual, os genótipos e a idade ao diagnóstico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com dados coletados em dois hospitais de ensino. As variáveis investigadas foram: ano do atendimento, genótipo, sexo, data de nascimento, idade ao diagnóstico, naturalidade e procedência. A prevalência foi estimada por ponto (%) e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência foi 3,9%, com 103 adultos com doença falciforme, sendo 60 do sexo feminino e 43 do masculino. Predominou o genótipo HbSS, seguido pelo HbSC. A mediana de idade foi de 35 para os HbSS e 31 para os HbSC. A mediana de idade ao diagnóstico foi cinco anos para os HbSS e 21 para HbSC. Não houve associação entre idade (anos) dos pacientes e genótipo (teste Qui-quadrado p=0,601) e nem entre genótipo e faixa etária (teste Qui-quadrado p= 0,318). Conclusão: O genótipo mais frequente foi o HbSS, seguido pelo HbSC. O diagnóstico dos pacientes com SC foi mais tardio do que naqueles com genótipo SS. As variáveis sociodemográficas e o diagnóstico tardio alertam para a necessidade de fortalecimento de ações na rede de saúde, que interferem sensivelmente na morbimortalidade de adultos com Doença Falciforme.

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de la anemia falciforme en adultos con diagnóstico tardío, en tratamiento ambulatorio de hematología de la red de salud del estado de Mato Grosso do Sul de 2013 a 2017; describir las características sociodemográficas; verificar asociaciones entre los genotipos con relación a la edad actual, los genotipos y la edad de diagnóstico. Métodos: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, con datos recopilados en dos hospitales universitarios. Las variables investigadas fueron: año de atención, genotipo, sexo, fecha de nacimiento, edad de diagnóstico, naturalidad y procedencia. La prevalencia fue estimada por punto (%) e intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados: La prevalencia fue 3,9%, con 103 adultos con anemia falciforme, 60 de sexo femenino y 43 masculino. Predominó el genotipo HbSS, seguido de HbSC. La mediana de edad fue 35 años en los HbSS y 31 en los HbSC. La mediana de edad de diagnóstico fue 5 años en los HbSS y 21 en los HbSC. No hubo relación entre edad (años) de los pacientes y genotipo (prueba ⊠2 de Pearson p=0,601) y tampoco entre genotipo y grupo de edad (prueba ⊠2 de Pearson p=0,318). Conclusión: El genotipo más frecuente fue el HbSS, seguido del HbSC. El diagnóstico de los pacientes con SC fue más tardío que el de los de genotipo SS: Las variables sociodemográficas y el diagnóstico tardío advierten sobre la necesidad de fortalecer acciones en la red de salud, que interfieren sensiblemente en la morbimortalidad de adultos con anemia falciforme.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of sickle cell disease in adults with delayed diagnosis, receiving treatment at hematology outpatient clinics in the health network of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, between 2013 and 2017; to describe sociodemographic characteristics; to verify associations between genotypes in relation to current age, the genotypes, and age at diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study with data collected at two teaching hospitals. The variables investigated were: year of treatment, genotype, sex, date of birth, age at diagnosis, and city in which they lived. Prevalence was estimated per point, using a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence was 3.9% in 103 adults with sickle cell disease: 60 female and 43 male. The HbSS genotype was predominant, followed by HbSC. The median age was 35 for HbSS, and 31 for HbSC. Median age at diagnosis was five years for HbSS, and 21 for HbSC. No association was found between age (years) of patients and genotype (chi-square test p=0.601), or between genotype and age group (chi-square test p= 0,318). Conclusion: The most frequent genotype was HbSS, followed by HbSC. The diagnosis of patients with hemoglobin SC occurred later in life than those with the hemoglobin SS genotype. Sociodemographic variables and delayed diagnosis warns for the need to strengthen actions in the health network, which interfere significantly in the morbidity and mortality of adults with sickle cell disease.

Colossoma macropomum females can reproduce more than once in the same reproductive period.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate induced reproduction in Colossoma macropomum females at the beginning of the reproductive period and 75 days after the first spawning in which reproduction was induced. The experiment was conducted in Nova Mutum, MT, Brazil. Eight 4-year-old C. macropomum females with an average body weight of 6.7 ± 2.4 kg were used. Hormonal induction was performed at the beginning of the reproductive period and repeated 75 days after the first spawning. The following variables were then evaluated: weight of released oocytes, production index, absolute fecundity, oocyte diameter, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. Of the eight females that spawned during the first hormonal induction, three (37.5%) spawned again 75 days after the first spawning. Two females died after the first induced spawning. None of the means of the evaluated variables differed between the two induced spawnings, except for fertilization rate, which was greater (P < 0.05) with the first spawning (88.8 ± 6.1%) than in the second (74.1 ± 10.4%). The results of the present study indicate that C. macropomum females can reproduce again 75 days after a first induced spawning.

Ovopel® and carp pituitary extract for induction of reproduction in Colossoma macropomum females.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the hormonal inducers Ovopel® and carp pituitary extract (CPE) for induction of reproduction in Colossoma macropomum females. The treatments were CPE at the dose of 5.5 mg/kg divided into two applications (10%; and 90% after 12 h) and Ovopel® at doses of 0.2 and 0.4 pellet/kg body weight in a single application. Eight replicates were used in each of the three treatments, totaling 24 experimental units. The females spawned when treated with the 0.2 pellet of Ovopel® (100.0%), 0.4 pellet of Ovopel® (62.5%), and CPE (87.5%), but there were no significant differences among the treatment groups in spawning rate. When there was treatment with Ovopel® spawning occurred with greater (P < 0.05) degree-hours (average water temperature × number of hours until spawning; 0.2 pellet: 417.7; 0.4 pellet: 412.3) in relation to the CPE treatment (268.9). The total oocyte weight was similar when there was treatment with Ovopel® (0.2 pellet: 832.3 g; 0.4 pellet: 798.9 g) and CPE (688.3 g). By contrast, the production index was greater (P < 0.05) with the Ovopel® treatments (0.2 pellet: 8.8%; 0.4 pellet: 9.0%) as compared with CPE (6.7%). Fertility and hatching rates were similar among the treatment groups. Ovopel® and CPE are efficient in induction of reproduction in C. macropomum females. Of the two Ovopel® treatments assessed in this study, the dose of 0.2 pellet/kg body weight is sufficient for effective induction of reproductive processes.

Ovopel and carp pituitary extract for the reproductive induction of Colossoma macropomum males.

The objective of this study was to evaluate Ovopel and carp pituitary extract (CPE) in the reproductive induction of Colossoma macropomum males. Nine treatments were tested in triplicate, totaling 27 experimental units. C. macropomum breeders were subjected to the following treatments: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 Ovopel pellet/kg; 2.5 mg CPE/kg (traditional protocol); and a control treatment (no hormone). Breeders under hormone treatment produced a larger (P < 0.05) semen volume (2.4 ± 0.7 to 4.2 ± 0.3 mL) compared with the control (0.9 ± 0.4 mL). Sperm concentration did not differ significantly among treatments (7.2 × 109 ± 1.7 to 10.8 × 109 ± 2.6 spermatozoa/mL). Total sperm count was higher (P < 0.05) after treatment with 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 Ovopel pellet/kg (41.6 ± 9.3 to 42.3 ± 10.5 × 109 spermatozoa) than the other Ovopel treatments (20.0 ± 2.4 to 26.9 ± 8.2 × 109 spermatozoa) and control (6.6 ± 1.1 × 109 spermatozoa), but did not differ significantly from CPE (33.7 ± 3.2 × 109 spermatozoa). Sperm motility was higher (P < 0.05) in the CPE treated, and 0.2, 0.3, and 0.7 Ovopel pellet/kg (88.3 ± 2.9 to 90.0 ± 5.0) breeders when compared with the other treatments (70.0 ± 10.0 to 78.3 ± 5.8), except for the 0.4 pellet/kg (81.7 ± 2.9) treatment, which did not differ significantly from any of the treatments. The motility period of the spermatozoa did not differ significantly among treatments (93.5 ± 15.7 to 120.0 ± 7.6 s). For the sperm morphological analysis, occurrence of normal spermatozoa was similar across the treatments, with three sperm abnormalities (short tail, bent tail, and detached head) differing (P < 0.05) among the treatments. Ovopel efficiently induced reproduction of C. macropomum breeders, with treatment using 0.3 and 0.4 Ovopel pellet/kg and CPE providing the best semen characteristics.

Effect of a biostimulatory homeopathic complex on venom production in captive rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two administration methods of a biostimulatory homeopathic complex (Convert H®) on the production of fresh and lyophilized venom of rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) under intensive captivity conditions. Sixty snakes were subjected to treatment following a randomized block design. The effects of sex and size were controlled for. Thirteen consecutive extractions were performed over 21 months. The first factor considered in the experiment was the origin of mice used as prey: a conventional colony (A1) or the Convert H colony (A2; mice receiving the homeopathic complex in water at 1%). The type of water given to snakes was the second factor: pure (B1) or amended with 5% of Convert H® (B2). The experiment was structured in a factorial 2 × 2 design combining mouse and water types (A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, and A2B2). No consistent treatment effects on fresh venom production (mL) were observed when the experimental groups were compared with controls (A1B1). However, production of lyophilized venom (mg) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in A2B2 animals than in controls in eight of 13 extractions performed, and also in aggregate. The results revealed that production of lyophilized venom, measured over multiple extractions, can be increased by administering the homeopathic complex simultaneously to rattlesnakes and prey.

Effects of road transportation or droving on the weight and metabolism of young bulls.

This study evaluated the effects of the mode of transportation on weight and metabolism of young bulls, which are generally transported by two systems: droving and truck. This experiment consisted of two phases: transportation and refeeding and involved transportation by droving and truck. Fifty young Nellore bulls were separated in equal numbers in both groups, droving group and truck group. In the transportation phase, animals were moved, in a 640-km journey. The refeeding phase consisted of 84 days and commenced after the animals arrived at the fattening farm. The effect of the transportation system on animals' weight, metabolic hormones, and serum biochemistry was assessed after 28, 56, and 84 days. During the transportation phase, animals in the droving group lost 10.11 kg and animals in the truck group gained 13.1 kg. The truck group showed 20.5 kg of weight gain at the end of the refeeding phase. The highest triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were observed on days 0 and 60 in the transportation phase in both droving and truck groups. The serum cortisol concentration was higher in the droving group than in the truck group on day 56 of the refeeding phase. The IGF-I concentrations were higher during the refeeding phase in the droving group than in the truck group. Our results showed that transportation by droving leads to increased weight loss and reduced further weight gain compared to transportation by truck and that serum concentrations of T4, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) hormones are altered by the transportation system.

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis and treatment adherence among patients with chronic kidney disease in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

INTRODUCTION: The primary strategy for tuberculosis control involves identifying individuals with latent tuberculosis. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were undergoing hemodialysis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients with latent tuberculosis, to verify the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the occurrence of latent tuberculosis, and to monitor patient adherence to latent tuberculosis treatment. METHODS: This epidemiological study involved 418 CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and who underwent a tuberculin skin test. RESULTS: The prevalence of latent tuberculosis was 10.3%. The mean patient age was 53.43±14.97 years, and the patients were predominantly men (63.9%). The population was primarily Caucasian (58.6%); half (50%) were married, and 49.8% had incomplete primary educations. Previous contact with tuberculosis patients was reported by 80% of the participants. Treatment adherence was 97.7%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in our study population was low. Previous contact with patients with active tuberculosis increased the occurrence of latent infection. Although treatment adherence was high in this study, it is crucial to monitor tuberculosis treatment administered to patients in health services to maintain this high rate.

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis and treatment adherence among patients with chronic kidney disease in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Introduction The primary strategy for tuberculosis control involves identifying individuals with latent tuberculosis. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were undergoing hemodialysis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients with latent tuberculosis, to verify the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the occurrence of latent tuberculosis, and to monitor patient adherence to latent tuberculosis treatment. Methods This epidemiological study involved 418 CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and who underwent a tuberculin skin test. Results The prevalence of latent tuberculosis was 10.3%. The mean patient age was 53.43±14.97 years, and the patients were predominantly men (63.9%). The population was primarily Caucasian (58.6%); half (50%) were married, and 49.8% had incomplete primary educations. Previous contact with tuberculosis patients was reported by 80% of the participants. Treatment adherence was 97.7%. Conclusions We conclude that the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in our study population was low. Previous contact with patients with active tuberculosis increased the occurrence of latent infection. Although treatment adherence was high in this study, it is crucial to monitor tuberculosis treatment administered to patients in health services to maintain this high rate. .

Scope and efficiency of the newborn screening program in identifying hemoglobin S.

BACKGROUND: In 2001, the Brazilian Ministry of Health added hemoglobinopathies to the National Neonatal Screening Program to be implemented in three steps. In order to meet the proposed goals, it is crucial to establish periodic assessments of this program with the aim of monitoring its implementation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the scope and the efficiency of the stages of the National Newborn Screening Program in identifying hemoglobin S. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed with the results of the heel prick test using the high performance liquid chromatography method for babies born in Mato Grosso do Sul from 2006 to 2010. The following variables were investigated: year, number of live births, total screening, coverage ratio, prevalence, time between the child birth and the blood collection; age at diagnosis; age at the time of the first consultation; and time between the diagnosis and the first appointment. RESULTS: Over the five years of the study, the mean coverage rate was 91.77%.The prevalences of hemoglobin FAS and hemoglobin FS were 1.65% and 0.011%, respectively. Blood samples from 43.48% of children were collected from the second to the seventh day. The age at diagnosis was within the first 28 days in 87.80% of the screened children. The lowest mean indices for the first consultation and the time between the diagnosis and the first appointment (58.8 and 46.4 days, respectively) occurred in 2010. CONCLUSIONS: The scope of the National Neonatal Screening Program for hemoglobinopathies is good, with a large number of individuals being tested. Efficiency is a suitable indicator to assess the program steps. Three points are recommended: the training of the individuals involved, studies to assess the assistance provided to the affected child, and genetic counseling to the mothers.

Scope and efficiency of the newborn screening program in identifying hemoglobin S

Background: In 2001, the Brazilian Ministry of Health added hemoglobinopathies to the National Neonatal Screening Program to be implemented in three steps. In order to meet the proposed goals, it is crucial to establish periodic assessments of this program with the aim of monitoring its implementation. Objective: To assess the scope and the efficiency of the stages of the National Newborn Screening Program in identifying hemoglobin S. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed with the results of the heel prick test using the high performance liquid chromatography method for babies born in Mato Grosso do Sul from 2006 to 2010. The following variables were investigated: year, number of live births, total screening, coverage ratio, prevalence, time between the child birth and the blood collection; age at diagnosis; age at the time of the first consultation; and time between the diagnosis and the first appointment. Results: Over the five years of the study, the mean coverage rate was 91.77%.The prevalences of hemoglobin FAS and hemoglobin FS were 1.65% and 0.011%, respectively. Blood samples from 43.48% of children were collected from the second to the seventh day. The age at diagnosis was within the first 28 days in 87.80% of the screened children. The lowest mean indices for the first consultation and the time between the diagnosis and the first appointment (58.8 and 46.4 days, respectively) occurred in 2010. Conclusions: The scope of the National Neonatal Screening Program for hemoglobinopathies is good, with a large number of individuals being tested. Efficiency is a suitable indicator to assess the program steps. Three points are recommended: the training of the individuals involved, studies to assess the assistance provided to the affected child, and genetic counseling to the mothers. .

Efeitos de um programa de caminhada sobre os níveis de fadiga em pacientes com câncer de mama / Effects of jogging program the fatigue level of breast cancer patients

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de um programa exercícios físicos (caminhada) nos níveis de fadiga em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama, sob tratamento quimioterápico. Materiais e métodos: Oito pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama, estádio II e III, que participaram de tratamento de quimioterapia adjuvante foram voluntárias dessa pesquisa. Para tanto, as referidas pacientes participaram de duas avaliações, uma antes de iniciar o programa de exercícios físicos (caminhada) e outra ao final de doze semanas após o início. As sessões ocorreram 3 vezes por semana, eram constituídas de 5 minutos de alongamento, 30 minutos de esteira ergométrica (60% FCmáx. nas primeiras duas semanas, e 40 minutos de esteira ergométrica 60% a 80% FCmáx. nas semanas seguintes) e 5 minutos de alongamento, ao final. Foi utilizada para avaliar os níveis de fadiga, a escala de fadiga de Piper et al (1989). Os dados foram tratados pelo Teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Diferenças significativas (p < 0.05) correspondente à diminuição da fadiga entre os resultados pré e pós- testes ocorreram para a variável fadiga geral, e também nas dimensões afetividade, comportamento, cognitivo e sensorial. Conclusão: Os dados encontrados demonstraram que o programa de exercícios físicos (caminhada) de 12 semanas foi eficiente para a redução de fadiga nas pacientes de câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico.

Aim: This study aimed at verifying the effects of a physical exercise program (jogging) in the fatigue levels of breast cancer patients undergoing a chemotherapy treatment. Materials and methods: eight breast cancer patients, stages II and III who participated in adjuvant chemotherapy treatment were volunteers in this research. These patients were submitted in two assessments, one before the beginning of the program of physical exercise (jogging) and another in the end of twelve weeks. The sessions occurred three times a week and were constituted of five minutes stretching, thirty minutes ergometric treadmill (60% HRmax during the two first weeks, and 40 minutes ergometric treadmill 60% to 80% HRmax in the subsequent weeks) and 5 minutes stretching in the end. In order to assess the fatigue levels, Piper et al (1989) fatigue scale was used. Data were treated by the Wilcoxon Test. Outcomes: Meaningful differences (p < 0.05) among the outcomes pre and post tests occurred in the general fatigue variables, and also in the affective, behavioral, cognitive and sensorial dimensions. Conclusion: Data demonstrated that the physical exercise program (jogging) of twelve weeks was efficient to reduce the fatigue levels in breast cancer patients undergoing a chemotherapy treatment.

[Situation of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 1990-1999]. / Situação do pênfigo foliáceo endêmico em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 1990-1999.

307 cases were examined to characterize epidemiological aspects of endemic pemphigus foliaceus. The disease was predominantly identified in rural workers between 10 and 42 years old. Incidence was higher in the December, January, February, March and May (average: 30.7 cases/year). Our findings identified a corridor, coinciding with the state watershed.

Situação do pênfigo foliáceo endêmico em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 1990-1999 / Situation of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 1990-1999

Com o objetivo de caracterizar epidemiologicamente o pênfigo foliáceo endêmico, investigaram-se 307 casos. A patologia predominou no trabalhador rural na faixa de 10 a 42 anos. Verificou-se maior incidência em dezembro, janeiro, fevereiro, março e maio (média de 30,7 casos anuais). Os achados evidenciaram um corredor coincidindo com o divisor de águas do estado